This page describes all the behavior of the internal report aggregation and storing mechanism (archiving)
and the expected behavior of the core:archive command (the cron archiving process).
It serves as a reference since the number of cases to think about is too high to keep in ones head, and as
a jumping off point for manual testing of the whole process.
It will be added to over time, since this process in Matomo is especially complex.
Brief Description of system: the entry point for this is the Piwik\Archive class which handles both querying
for archive data, and launching the report aggregation process if archive data isn't found. Piwik\ArchiveProcessor\Loader
is in charge of determining if archiving should be done and then launching the whole process. PluginsArchiver is
the entrypoint for report aggregation.
API methods use the Piwik\Archive class to query for archive data. If we are allowed to archive in the current
request/process, and cannot find a recent, usable archive, we generate it, by launching the core archiving process.
[General] enable_browser_archiving_triggering
INI config setting or the enableBrowserTriggerArchiving option value. There are other related INI config settings to disable archiving even if
a custom segment or range period is requested: [General] browser_archiving_disabled_enforce and [General] archiving_range_force_on_browser_request
respectively.
In the code, the Rules::isBrowserTriggerEnabled() checks for this setting.[General] time_before_today_archive_considered_outdated INI config option. This is also used as the default value
for archives for other periods.[General] time_before_week_archive_considered_outdated, [General time_before_month_archive_considered_outdated],
[General] time_before_year_archive_considered_outdated, [General] time_before_range_archive_considered_outdated:
specific TTLs for different period types. They each default to the 'today time to live' value if not specified[General] archiving_custom_ranges. The user setting is the
setting that controls the default period to load in Matomo. These ranges will be processed in core:archive if specified.When archiving is allowed/disallowed for the current process
If browser archiving is enabled, any HTTP request or CLI command can initiate archiving. Things are more complicated if browser archiving is disabled:
[General] archiving_range_force_on_browser_request is absent or set to 1,
then the request will always be allowed to initiate archiving.trigger query parameter is set to archivephp and the user has superuser
access.[General] browser_archiving_disabled_enforce is set to 1.Optimizations that skip archiving
When there are no visits
In certain situations, Matomo will be able to tell it does not have to archive and will skip it for a site and period. This is generally because the site has no visits for that period, and we are able to easily tell.
The specific logic is in Loader::canSkipThisArchive(). If a website/period pair is:
We know we'd end up with zero visits if we archive, so we can just skip it. The only exceptions are for sites that do
not use the tracker (so there will always be zero visits in the log table) or are specified via the 'Archiving.getIdSitesToArchiveWhenNoVisits'
event. RollUp websites are examples of sites for which this optimization does not apply.
This optimization is used both before launching the archive aggregation logic and in the core:archive command
before we launch individual archive requests. This saves a bit more time since we also don't have to launch an
archiving command.
If an archive's TTL is still valid
This isn't truly an optimization, but if an archive's TTL is still valid, and it is for an archive where we check the TTL (periods that include today and range periods), then we won't launch archiving. See below for more information on archive TTLs.
trigger: if set to archivephp, lets the core archiving process know it was launched by the core:archive command.
The archiving process will only assume this if the current request also has superuser access loaded.skipArchiveSegmentToday: if set and launching archiving is enabled for the current request, then Archive.php will
skip the archiving of segment archives for today's date, if there are any in the request. (It will also skip querying this data as well,
so the result for that data will be empty.)plugin: If we want to initiate archiving for a specific plugin, this parameter specifies the name of the plugin to launch
archiving for. If we want to force archiving of ONLY this plugin and not the all plugins archive, pluginOnly=1 must also be set.pluginOnly: this query parameter is sent when processing one or more reports within a specific plugin and no others. It is only used
during the core:archive command, so if trigger is not set to archivephp it is ignored. This query parameter is used
when a user or something in the system invalidates the reports for a plugin. When processing it, we don't want to process anything else,
so we make sure pluginOnly is set to 1.requestedReport: If we only want to process a specific report within a plugin and not the entire plugin, this parameter is
set to the name of the report. This will be set as the requested report in the ArchiveProcessor\Params instance that is passed
to a plugin's Archiver instance. If the archiver supports partial archiving, it will handle it and a partial archive will be
created, with the report archive in it only. This must be set in combination with plugin and pluginOnly.The following classes are involved in the Core Archiving process:
Piwik\Loader: entry point for the core archiving process. The prepareArchive() method is invoked directly by CoreAdminHome.archiveReports.
This class is used to look for one individual archive (so for one site and one period). If we can't find a usable one, we launch the core
archiving process.
This process involves first initiating archiving for core metrics (metrics for VisitsSummary.get). If we find there were no visits for the archive we skip the archive (there are events that can disable this optimization on a per site basis). Then we use PluginsArchiver to initiate archiving for all plugins.
Note: for some archives (where period=range or if using a custom segment), we will only initiate archiving for the requested plugin(s).
Archiver instance
and invoke it. Based on whether a day or non-day period is being archived, either the aggregateDayReports() or aggregateMultipleReports()
method will be invoked.aggregateMultipleReports() implementations to aggregate and insert archive data with a single method call, and by
both aggregateMultipleReports() and aggregateDayReports() to insert archive data.aggregateDayReports() implementations to aggregate log data and turn the result into DataTables to insert. Many plugins may find
that those methods are not enough, however, and will query log tables directly.ArchiveProcessor to initialize new archives, insert archive data into them, and to finalize them when finished.Piwik\ArchiveParameters, contains the parameters for
a single archiving run. It only stores one site ID and period, however, since we can only launch the archiving process for a single site/period
at a time. It also contains some other information like the request plugin/report if any or whether we want to only archive data for
a single report.The entire code path for Core Archiving is as follows:
Archive instance and queries for archive data.Archive will look through the archive tables directly for data and return whatever it finds.Archive will initiate archiving for every site/period combination in the query. It does this by calling the
CoreAdminHome.archiveReports API method.CoreAdminHome.archiveReports creates and invokes the Loader class.Loader looks for a usable archive. If found, it returns that archive ID. Otherwise, it launches the archiving process, first aggregating
core metrics like nb_visits. Then if we can't skip the archive, it invokes PluginsArchiver.PluginsArchiver loops through every activated plugin and creates the plugin's Archiver instance if there is one. It invokes the appropriate
method on the Archiver instances.Archiver instances define aggregateDayReports() and aggregateMultipleReports() methods. aggregateDayReports() methods will
generally use a LogAggregator instance to aggregate log data and then insert it using an ArchiveProcessor instance. aggregateMultipleReports()
methods will use an aggregation method in ArchiveProcessor.
ArchiveProcessor aggregation methods will query data using an internal Archive instance created using the current period's subperiods
(so if the current period is a week, this Archive will query for days within that week).ArchiveProcessor will aggregate that data together and insert it into the archive tables.PluginsArchiver will finalize the archive using the ArchiveWriter that was created.Brief Description of system: The core:archive command is meant to be run as a cron job periodically archiving data
based on a queue. The queue that controls what archives get launched is the archive_invalidations table. core:archive
will both: insert into this table before processing each site, and then process the entries, launching the core archiving process
for each valid entry.
Command class for the core:archive command. This will create and use a CronArchive
instance. This is the main code path from which CronArchive is invoked, the only other being the CoreAdminHome.runCronArchiving API method.CoreAdminHome.archiveReports for those invalidations.climulti:request command if it can. Otherwise, it falls back to initiating curl requests.CronArchive.
FixedSiteIds is used when the --force-idsites option is used and provides an in memory list of site IDs to CronArchive. SharedSiteIds
uses an option table entry to pull sites from. If the option does not exist, the ID for every site in matomo is added, if it already exists
we use what's there. SharedSiteIds will pull one site ID at a time from the option and give it to CronArchive to process. This allows
multiple core:archive instances to work on the same list.CronArchive uses it (indirectly) to invalidate archives before it starts processing
for a single site.The entire code path for core:archive execution is:
CoreArchiver command class is invoked. It processes user input and constructs a CronArchive instance. Options are set on the instance and
it is invoked.CronArchive uses FixedSiteIds or SharedSiteIds to start pulling sites to archive. For every site in that list:
CronArchive invalidates any data that needs to be invalidated for the site. This can be from visits tracked in the past, entities like segments that were
created or updated or special periods specified in config or settings. The invalidations are inserted into the archive_invalidations table.CronArchive then uses QueueConsumer to pull invalidations to process from the archive_invalidations table which pulls them in the correct execution
order.CronArchive takes the batch of invalidations from QueueConsumer and uses CliMulti to launch multiple archiving processes via API method.CronArchive looks at the results of those API calls and determines whether the request was successful. If so, the invalidation is removed. Otherwise,
it is unset and we ignore it until the next time we process this site.QueueConsumer reports no invalidations to process.By default when using core:archive, day, week, month & year periods are not processed in the browser. Range periods on the other hand are still processed from web requests. This is because we cannot pre-archive every possible permutation of dates that users can specify.
Instead when a range period is no longer considered up-to-date (its TTL expires), we launch archiving for the range. Since the range just aggregates day periods, this is still performant, as long as archiving for the days is not launched.
The core:archive command launches the core archiving process through new processes, which allows it to achieve concurrency.
If it's supported by the OS configuration and PHP runtime configuration, these processes are CLI processes spawned through
shell_exec() running the climulti:request command. The climulti:request command takes a query string and processes it
like it is an HTTP request.
If it's not supported, then we use CURL multi requests.
We prefer using CLI commands to process API requests, because of the following benefits:
- the CLI command won't be subject to request timeouts and archiving can take a long time, so there might often be failures
- having CLI executions means it's possible to check on a server how many archivers are currently running by executing ps
In each case, we call the CoreAdminHome.archiveReports API method which launches core archiving.
Note: previously the core:archive command would query API.get which would implicitly trigger the archiving process.
The request URI will always have trigger=archivephp which, when superuser access is granted as is the case during archiving,
will force the archiving process to initiate.
Batching Archive Jobs
In the core:archive command, we try and process multiple archives at the same time to make the process more performant. The
number of concurrent processes to run at a time is specified by the --concurrent-requests-per-website CLI option.
Archive jobs for different sites are never run concurrently from within the same core:archive process. Sites can be
archived concurrently but this is only possible by running multiple core:archive commands.
Order of Execution
Some archive invalidations have to be handled before others. Specifically:
Multiple core:archive instances
As mentioned above, multiple core:archive commands can be launched in order to process sites in parallel. These runs do not have to be on the same server.
When a core:archive instance wants to run archiving for a site, the SharedSiteIds class is used. This class manages
a list of site IDs in an option. The process pulls a site ID and removes it from the list, then starts processing it.
Another core:archive process may then take the next site and process that one in parallel.
If --force-idsites is used, core:archive will not use SharedSiteIds but FixedSiteIds. This class has no knowledge of
SharedSiteIds, so it is possible by using this we can launch archiving for the same site multiple times in parallel,
which is generally something we want to avoid.
invalidating today & yesterday archives
core:archive will automatically invalidate the archives for today and yesterday if certain criteria are met.
For today, the archive will be automatically invalidated if there are visits for today and if the existing archive is
older than the configured TTL (see the previous section on archiving settings).
For yesterday, the archive will be automatically invalidated if the current date is a different day than the ts_archived
date for the latest archive for yesterday. If this is true, it means the day has changed since the archive was processed,
and there may be more visits to process. For example, if the last known archive for 2021-05-20 is calculated at 2021-05-20 20:00:00,
but it is now 2021-05-21 00:30:00, there may be visits between 20:00:00 and 00:00:00 (midnight) to process.
if core:archive is not run for several days
If for some reason core:archive does not run for several days or more and is run again, we will currently ignore the days between the last successful run and yesterday.
So if the last run was on Monday, and it is now Friday and the command is run again, then we don't take into account that there might be visits between Monday and Thursday.
We will still invalidate today and yesterday, which will in turn invalidate the parent week, month and year. Archiving these periods will launch day archiving for the days we're not explicitly thinking about and create archives.
This is a known, unhandled edge case.
invalidating custom ranges
If custom ranges are specified in the [General] archiving_custom_ranges INI config setting and/or
the default period to load in Matomo is configured to be a range, they will be invalidated and
rearchived during core:archive.
queued invalidations
Archives that are invalidated from system functions, for example, invalidating past data when a segment or entity changes, are
not immediately inserted into the archive_invalidations table. Instead they are added to an option via the ReArchiveList class.
This is done so UI functions like updating a segment are not slowed by the insertion of rows into the archive_invalidations table.
Before core:archive runs for a specific site, it will process entries in the ReArchiveList option and add the invalidations to the table. They are then processed all at once with others.
When data is tracked in the past we also queue an invalidation, but this does not go into the ReArchiveList class, it is stored
in a set of option values that start with report_to_invalidate_. It's done differently here due to the high amount of concurrency
the tracker experiences. Editing a list in a single option is not thread safe, but inserting and updating individual options is.
The values of these options are also cached so the tracker doesn't have to query the option table all the time.
when processing a single archive fails
core:archive can detect when the core archiving process fails, since it will not be able to parse the output of a climulti:request command or the archiving curl request. When this occurs, the invalidation being processed's status is reset to 0, so it will be picked up again. BUT we also take note of the idinvalidation (invalidation ID) and skip it for the rest of the current core:archive run. In case the problem is persistent, we don't want to continuously run a failing job.
Note: we currently don't try to immediately retry the job, since archiving jobs are usually compute intensive, and generally do not fail randomly. Retrying would thus be a waste of resources.
if the core:archive process is terminated in the middle of processing an archive
If the entire core:archive process is terminated during the processing of an invalidation, we cannot unset the status back to 0. So in the next core:archive run, we will think the job is still running.
We get around this by assuming all jobs that are older than 24 hours have stalled or failed. Before processing a site we set all such invalidations' status to 1.
We detect the age of an in-progress invalidation by looking at the ts_started column. Before an archiving job is run, the
associated invalidation's ts_started column is set to the start time (this is done at the same time status is set to 1).
an archiving run fails, the sites for the failed archive are deleted, and the archiver starts again
In this case, an archiving run fails leaving invalidations in the archive_invalidations table. The sites for those invalidations are then deleted, then another core:archive command runs.
This new run should ignore the invalidations in the archive_invalidations table. If we start an entirely new SharedSiteIds list, then we will simply not see the site. If however we use an existing site ID queue, we will encounter the site ID, but fail to get the rest of the site information and move on to the next.
duplicate invalidations are found in the archive_invalidations table
Duplicate invalidations are disallowed when inserting through ArchiveInvalidator. We specifically look for existing invalidations before inserting. However, certain edge cases can allow duplicates to exist. It's also possible for other code or users to end up inserting data into those tables.
Duplicates are detected during processing by QueueConsumer. Because of the ordering imposed when we select the next archive to execute, duplicate archives will be right next to each other. We'll encounter one right after the other.
Since we look for a batch of archives to run, we'll keep looking for invalidations before starting a set of archive jobs. After each query for the next invalidated archive, we'll check in the batch if there's a duplicate, and if so, we skip the current one and query again.
Note, there is a currently unhandled edge case: if the last job in a batch has duplicates, at least one of the other duplicates will also be run, because we won't query for those invalidations until the first batch finishes. Duplicates are an edge case to begin with so we haven't handled this.
how and when the TTL is checked
Each period type has an associated TTL that is sometimes used to check if an archive is still valid. These TTLs are only used if certain prerequisites are true:
if the period is not a range and includes today, then it is used. We assume today will get new visits so we make sure
archives containing today are always eventually reprocessed. By contrast, for data that is tracked in the past, we
explicitly invalidate the period. We don't do this for today, because invalidating data for every visit encountered
today would make the tracker far less performant. Tracking data in the past, however, does not happen with nearly as
high frequency or volume.
if the period is a range, then we always recompute it when it is no longer valid. This is because ranges are just two arbitrary dates. We cannot preprocess every single permutation during core:archive, so instead we launch the archiving process in browser requests when the TTL expires. Since range archives just aggregate day periods together, and we don't launch archiving for those days, this is still performant.
The TTLs are determined by user and config settings. The day period can be specific in the UI in the System Settings page and through INI config. The other periods can have custom TTLs in INI config as well, but not in the UI. See above for the specific settings.
If no custom TTL is specified for a non-day period, it defaults to the day TTL.
amount of concurrency to expect
In general, we can expect that individual core:archive processes will not process multiple sites at the same time. It is
however possible to achieve this by using --force-idsites. And unfortunately, users will use it. So while we don't need
the system to be performant when the same site is archived in parallel by multiple archivers, we need to be sure it won't
fail or insert strange report data.
That said, it is also possible for it to happen in a normal situation with SharedSiteIds, since the implementation is not entirely thread-safe, though this should be a rare case.
Concerning the other level of concurrency within QueueConsumer, there isn't much to think about, since the system makes sure that only the archives that are meant to be archived in parallel run together. However, when multiple core:archive commands process the same site at the same time, it can be worth thinking about.
From within QueueConsumer we will also check the running process list to make sure that archives with intersecting periods are not processed together. This keeps us, for example, from launching a day period archive if another core:archive process on the same server is processing the month the day is containing. This does not, however, stop the same thing from happening if core:archive is running on a separate server.
This is however only an issue when multiple archivers process the same site.
Processing multiple archives at the same time
This is not desired behavior, we prefer if only one process creates a single archive, but sometimes multiple requests will trigger archiving at the same time (this is mostly an issue for setups that enable browser triggered archiving).
When this happens, it is expected that both will aggregate the same data, and one will finish after the other, giving
it a greater ts_archived value. This archive is the one that ends up being used; the duplicate gets cleaned up in a
scheduled task during archive purging.
When a site is deleted during archiving
If a site is deleted while data for it is being archived, the archiver should handle it gracefully,
without erroring. If it happens while data is being aggregated, the data will finish being archived, then
the core:archive command should notice the site no longer exists, and move on to the next one. The archive
data will eventually be deleted in a scheduled task.
When invalidations are inserted by another process after archiving for a site begins
It's possible that while archiving is ongoing for a site, new invalidations will be inserted into the archive_invalidations table. These invalidations will be ignored by QueueConsumer until the next core:archive run.
This is achieved by the following behavior: - in QueueConsumer before we start processing invalidations for a site, we record the start time - when getting the next invalidation to process, we only select invalidations where ts_invalidated < the archiving start time
If an invalidation is added after the start time, we ignore it. Ignoring these new invalidations avoids some unpredictable behavior, since it is important the order in which archives are processed (for example, days before weeks and "All Visits" before segments, etc.).
When a site is deleted during invalidation or archiving
Invalidations for a deleted site will eventually be removed by a scheduled task in the CoreHome plugin, but before it runs, they will still be in the archive_invalidations table. If this happens while archiving runs for a site, we run into an issue where we may process archives for a deleted site.
In this case we'll just process the archive data. The inserted reports will just be deleted, but since this is a rare occurrence, this is considered acceptable.
--force-idsites: This option allows forcing the core:archive instance to process the specified sites. This option is worth noting since
it can result in multiple core:archive instances archiving for the same site.--force-periods: This option allows forcing the archiving of a specific period. It can be dangerous to use, since it will initiate archiving
of a higher period, even if a lower period is queued to archive first.--force-date-range: This option allows forcing to only archive data whose entire period range does not fall within the range. This can be
dangerous to use in the same way --force-periods is.--skip-segments-today: If specified, the today period for segments will not be archived, as long as the segment was not modified within
the last 24 hours.--concurrent-requests-per-website: Controls the maximum number of concurrent archiving requests that are launched at a time, for a single
website.--concurrent-archivers: The maximum number of core:archive commands that should be running in parallel on a single server. This does not
affect archivers running on other servers. Default is 3 archivers, use -1 to set unlimited archivers.--force-all-websites: Like --force-idsites but for every website in the instance.Archive invalidation happens as a part of the core:archive command and is also triggered immediately before core archiving
if browser triggered archiving is enabled. These sources of invalidation are from Matomo automatically issuing invalidations.
It can also be invoked by the user through the core:invalidate-report-data command and through the InvalidateReports plugin.
automated triggering of archive invalidations
When tracking data in the past, the periods the data belong to are scheduled to be invalidated. They are not immediately
invalidated to avoid having to add extra queries to the tracker. The periods to invalidate are stored in option values
and eventually core:archive or the core archiving system will process them.
See methods in ArchiveInvalidator named like rememberToInvalidateArchivedReportsLater() to see the details of how this
is implemented.
When certain entities are changed or created, for example, segments, funnels or custom reports, Matomo will rearchive past data to update these reports. The rearchiving is initiated through invalidating the old archive data.
what specifically gets invalidated
When a period is invalidated, all higher periods are automatically invalidated (because if the lower period's metrics change, the existing higher periods are no longer accurate).
If the cascade option is specified when invoking ArchiveInvalidator (or the invalidation command), child periods of
the given period will also be invalidated. So if a week is to be invalidated, the days within the week would also be invalidated.
When invalidating 'All Visits' archives, all segment archives and plugin specific archives are effectively invalidated as well.
When invalidating a segment archive, plugin specific archives for the segment will be invalidated as well.
This behavior is due to how we look for archives to invalidate in DataAccess/Model.php. We compute the done flag name of the archive
to invalidate, then look for archives with a name LIKE '...doneflag...%'.
invalidating in archive tables vs. inserting into the archive_invalidations table
The invalidation process "invalidates" in two ways. The first is marking archive status entries in the archive_numeric tables
as having a done value of DONE_INVALIDATED. This marks the archive as having out of date data.
If browser triggered archiving is enabled, and a DONE_INVALIDATED archive is encountered, it will be rearchived.
The second thing that is done, is inserting an entry into the archive_invalidations table. This tells the core:archive process that the archive needs to be reprocessed.
Everything that is invalidated in the archive tables should also appear in the archive_invalidations table. However, the reverse is not true. If we just put something into archive_invalidations, it will still overwrite an existing archive.
Matomo will regularly delete old archive data. This happens in two places:
To delete old archive data, we look through every archive that has duplicates. Archives older than the newest DONE_OK
archive are deleted. Newer archives are kept if they are partial archives (where the archive status is DONE_PARTIAL).
GROUP_CONCAT. MySQL limits how much data can be returned through this function,
so it is possible for the data to be cut off. We detect this in the code, but if manually purging archives, and there are
many duplicates for some reason, the command may need to be run multiple times.